Accountability is certain after Syria massacre



The so-called Hama rules no longer apply. Thirty years after Hafez Al Assad's forces massacred civilians, killing tens of thousands, the landscape of Syrian and international politics has changed. The Syrian people have shown that they cannot be intimidated. And state-sanctioned murderers cannot hope to escape justice.

While details are still emerging about this latest attack on the village of Tremseh in Hama province, the killing fits a pattern. President Bashar Al Assad's forces pounded the village with artillery, tanks and helicopter gunships, before infantry moved in and conducted execution-style killings. More than 200 people were killed, although it is unclear how many were combatants. UN observers are reporting systematic Syrian air-force operations in civilian areas.

The world has been at a loss about how to end the violence. But the Syrian regime's brutality and total disregard for civilian lives is a serious miscalculation - Hafez Al Assad's murderous collective-punishment strategy will not work today. Indeed, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon expressed outrage yesterday, saying that more massacres were inevitable in the absence of international intervention. US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton warned: "Those who committed these atrocities will be identified and held accountable." Justice for the perpetrators may not arrive tomorrow, but it is inevitable.

Information and international scrutiny make this an entirely different situation from that of 1982. It is this knowledge that is increasingly a factor in defections by senior officials. The defection last week of Nawaf Al Fares, Syria's ambassador to Iraq, demonstrated that Assad loyalists will be under increasing pressure from their own communities because of the regime's brutality.

The regime's days are numbered, but each one of those days costs lives. US intelligence sources confirmed yesterday that the Syrian military had moved chemical weapons, possibly carrying Sarin nerve gas, to the region of the city of Homs, although the move could be meant to prevent the weapons from falling into rebel control. The folly about "weapons of mass destruction" that led to the Iraq War argues strongly for caution about drawing conclusions, but the weapons, in either side's hands, are a serious concern.

There remains no clear solution to end the violence, although a critical mass of defections would topple the regime. But, in this information age, what is beyond doubt is that these perpetrators will have nowhere to hide when the regime does fall. Neither Syrians nor the world will forget Tremseh.

The smuggler

Eldarir had arrived at JFK in January 2020 with three suitcases, containing goods he valued at $300, when he was directed to a search area.
Officers found 41 gold artefacts among the bags, including amulets from a funerary set which prepared the deceased for the afterlife.
Also found was a cartouche of a Ptolemaic king on a relief that was originally part of a royal building or temple. 
The largest single group of items found in Eldarir’s cases were 400 shabtis, or figurines.

Khouli conviction

Khouli smuggled items into the US by making false declarations to customs about the country of origin and value of the items.
According to Immigration and Customs Enforcement, he provided “false provenances which stated that [two] Egyptian antiquities were part of a collection assembled by Khouli's father in Israel in the 1960s” when in fact “Khouli acquired the Egyptian antiquities from other dealers”.
He was sentenced to one year of probation, six months of home confinement and 200 hours of community service in 2012 after admitting buying and smuggling Egyptian antiquities, including coffins, funerary boats and limestone figures.

For sale

A number of other items said to come from the collection of Ezeldeen Taha Eldarir are currently or recently for sale.
Their provenance is described in near identical terms as the British Museum shabti: bought from Salahaddin Sirmali, "authenticated and appraised" by Hossen Rashed, then imported to the US in 1948.

- An Egyptian Mummy mask dating from 700BC-30BC, is on offer for £11,807 ($15,275) online by a seller in Mexico

- A coffin lid dating back to 664BC-332BC was offered for sale by a Colorado-based art dealer, with a starting price of $65,000

- A shabti that was on sale through a Chicago-based coin dealer, dating from 1567BC-1085BC, is up for $1,950